Only http and https addresses on the standard ports, with no user name or password in them and no .local host names.
Before anything is fetched, the host name is looked up and refused if it points at a private, loopback or link-local address. The same check runs again inside the connection's own lookup, so a name that changes its answer between the two cannot slip through. Each redirect is checked the same way, which stops a public site bouncing the checker into a private network.
One address can run ten checks a minute, and one site can be checked twenty times in ten minutes. Both limits count per server instance.